Exceptional points (EP) are non-Hermitian degeneracies where eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors coalesce. Recently, EPs have attracted attention as a means to enhance the responsivity of sensors, through the abrupt resonant detuning occurring in their proximity. In many cases, however, the EP implementation is accompanied by noise enhancement, leading to the degradation of the sensor’s performance. The excess noise can be of fundamental nature (owing to the eigenbasis collapse) or of technical nature associated with the amplification mechanisms utilized for the realization of EPs. Here we show, using an EP-based parity–time symmetric electromechanical accelerometer, that the enhanced technical noise can be surpassed by the enhanced responsivity to applied accelerations. The noise owing to eigenbasis collapse is mitigated by exploiting the detuning from a transmission peak degeneracy (TPD) — which forms when the sensor is weakly coupled to transmission lines — as a measure of the sensitivity. These TPDs occur at a frequency and control parameters for which the biorthogonal eigenbasis is still complete and are distinct from the EPs of the parity–time symmetric sensor. Our device shows a threefold signal-to-noise-ratio enhancement compared with configurations for which the system operates away from the TPD.

Read the full article here: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04904-w

We study the nature of an environment-induced exceptional point in a non-Hermitian pair of coupled mechanical oscillators. The mechanical oscillators are a pair of pillars carved out of a single isotropic elastodynamic medium made of aluminum and consist of carefully controlled differential losses. The interoscillator coupling originates exclusively from background modes associated with the “environment,” that portion of the structure which, if perfectly rigid, would support the oscillators without coupling. We describe the effective interaction in terms of a coupled-mode framework in which only one nearby environmental mode can qualitatively reproduce changes to the exceptional-point characteristics. Our experimental and numerical demonstrations illustrate strategic directions utilizing environmental mode control for the implementation of exceptional-point degeneracies. Potential applications include a new type of noninvasive differential atomic force microscopy and hypersensitive sensors for the structural integrity of surfaces.

Read the paper here: https://journals.aps.org/prapplied/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.13.01...